3-Digit by 1-Digit Multiplication
20 problems on two pages, each a three-digit number times a one-digit number from 2 to 9, stacked in columns. Every problem carries at least once and most carry more than once, with products up to four digits. It's 4th grade work, right after 2-digit by 1-digit multiplication.
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Carrying more than once
In 497 × 8, every column carries. 8 × 7 = 56: write 6, carry 5. 8 × 9 = 72, plus 5 is 77: write 7, carry 7. 8 × 4 = 32, plus 7 is 39. The answer is 3976.
The carried digits pile up fast, so have students write each one small above the next column and cross it out once it's used. Most wrong answers come from adding a carried digit twice or forgetting it.
Round to check: 497 × 8 is close to 500 × 8, which is 4,000, so 3976 makes sense.
Frequently Asked Questions
What grade learns 3-digit by 1-digit multiplication?
4th grade. Students multiply numbers up to four digits by a one-digit number, first with place value strategies and then with the standard algorithm.
Can you solve these by breaking the number apart?
Yes. 736 × 2 is 700 × 2 plus 30 × 2 plus 6 × 2, or 1400 + 60 + 12 = 1472. It's slower, but it shows why the carrying method works.
What happens when the number has a zero, like 160 × 4?
4 × 0 is 0, so write 0 in the ones place with nothing to carry. Then 4 × 6 = 24: write 4, carry 2. Then 4 × 1 = 4, plus 2 is 6. The answer is 640.